With climate change increasing at an accelerated rate, scientists around the world are looking at all kind of solutions. This includes working on our Earth’s climate itself.
Geoengineering is a solution. But is it realistic ? Even possible ? Since these solution have been much talked about recently, this article will present you the main solutions.
From building a space sunshade to emitting tons of sulphur in our atmosphere or even artificial trees, we are nearer to science fiction than pure sciences.
Andrew Revkin on Dot Earth proposed a year ago a good introduction:
The trajectories for emissions of carbon dioxide as the world’s industrial and industrializing countries boost coal burning are clearly going to be tough to turn around, whether through caps on emissions or efforts to improve non-polluting energy technologies. And big hurdles remain before there will be any large-scale capturing of carbon dioxide to pump it underground or elsewhere for safekeeping.
That’s why a growing number of scientists, including Nobel Prize winners and Ralph J. Cicerone, the president of the National Academy of Sciences, have pushed for intensified study of ways to artificially nudge the planet’s thermostat downward — at the very least as a “Plan C” should warming kick into high gear.
TreeHugger presented a good overview of the main solutions:
Spray Sulfate Aerosols Into The Atmosphere
Though cited by a number of reports as being rather risky due to potential unintended consequences, the idea behind spraying sulfur particles into the atmosphere goes something like this: By using large balloons or aircraft to put more sulfur particles into the stratosphere, you could reduce the Earth’s absorption of of sunlight and prompt planetary cooling. Similar to what happens when volcanoes erupt and put ash and sulfur into the air.
Trap CO2 in Carbon Scrubbers
Perhaps two years from being manufactured, researchers at Columbia University say that soon they may have a working carbon scrubber which could take one ton of CO2 out of the air per day. Small than a standard shipping container in size, and about $200,000 in price, these carbon scrubbers trap CO2 entering them on an ion exchange resin.
Fertilizing Trees With Nitrogen
The idea here is said easily enough: Fertilize trees with nitrogen to stimulate their ability to absorb more carbon dioxide and, by increasing their albedo, reflect more solar radiation back into space.
Dump Limestone into the Oceans
This one’s a bit of a ringer in the group, in that rather than combatting global warming directly, plans for dumping powdered limestone in the ocean would mainly address anticipated increasing ocean acidity. Due to these changes in pH levels in the world’s oceans brought about by climate change, most of the planet’s coral reefs could be wiped out, with devastating consequences for marine life and the humans which depend on it. But, by adding large amounts of powdered limestone to the sea these changes in water acidity could be checked–with the added bonus of increasing carbon sequestration as well.
Ocean Iron Fertilization
Essentially mimicking natural processes, ocean iron fertilization hopes to stimulate the rate of photosynthesis in phyto plankton, increasing the amount of carbon dioxide which is absorbed, and creating essentially an artificial algae bloom. The thing is that the CO2 absorbed has to sink to sufficient depth (a couple of miles) so that it won’t simply be circulated back up into the atmosphere.
Other solutions might be envisaged :
To me, any geoengineering solutions should come last, once we have done our utmost in decreasing our energy consumption and overall pollution. And you, what do you think ?
Further reading:
- On Dot Earth : Weather Experts Weigh Climate Engineering
- On the Huffington Post: Geoengineering: Mankind and Reshaping the World
I could do a point-by-point rebuttal of each of the methods you’ve suggested, because they’re all bad or utterly insignificant compared to the scale of the problem. But instead I’ll tell you a little story.
A few years back a bodybuilder, Momo Benaziza, collapsed and died after a competition.
You see, he’d been taking steroids to build his muscles. The problem is that while testosterone boosts growth hormone, thus growing muscles, it also makes you retain water. Which means you’re not as “ripped” as you need to be for a competition.
So he took diuretics to make him lose water. Of course, if you lose water you also lose natural body salts, and can faint.
So he took some salts.
The salts built up in his bloodstream and broke the natural balance of sodium and potassium which our cells need to be able to pass messages to each-other. His muscles stopped working – including his heart muscle.
He began by misusing drugs to alter his body chemistry, and tried to balance things, which led to more problems which he tried to balance and… it killed him.
He could just have stopped taking steroids.
So when scientists tell us, “don’t worry if burning stuff has led to an imbalanced climate system, we can do other things to balance it out!” I’m sceptical. Momo Benaziza played with his body’s complex chemistry when he didn’t really understand it very well. The planet’s climate is even more complex than the human body, and less well-understood.
It’d be a lot easier and less risky to just stop burning stuff.
I totally agree Kiashu, this is why I wrote at the end of my article :
” To me, any geoengineering solutions should come last, once we have done our utmost in decreasing our energy consumption and overall pollution. ”
Before trying to create a natural equilibrium we should repair the damages we created and this would bring us back equilibrium.
It ain’t Nature we got to repair, it is our way of life ! 🙂